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Brook Trout Breeding


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#1 Guest_fishlvr_*

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Posted 12 August 2007 - 05:49 PM

How do these fish breed in the wild? Do they travel upstream? I have a strong interest in these fish, so I want to find out everything I can about them. I think they're pretty cool fish.

#2 Guest_Brooklamprey_*

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Posted 12 August 2007 - 07:15 PM

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Ok..that a little harsh but I've been itching to use that...
Really though there is so much information readily available about these fish that finding info on their spawning habits should not be very difficult.

#3 Guest_scottefontay_*

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Posted 13 August 2007 - 07:28 AM

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I've been itching to use that...


That's a great image!

#4 Guest_arnoldi_*

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Posted 13 August 2007 - 07:46 AM

:blush: :blush: :blush: :blush: :blush: :blush: :blush: :blush: :blush:

Salvelinus fontinalis) is a species of fish in the salmon family (family Salmonidae) of order Salmoniformes. In many parts of its range, it is known by the name speckled trout.
The brook trout is native to small streams, creeks, lakes, and spring ponds. Some brook trout are anadromous. Though commonly considered a trout, the brook trout is actually a char, along with lake trout, bull trout, Dolly Varden and the Arctic char. It is native to a wide area of eastern North America but increasingly confined to higher elevations southward in the Appalachian Mountains to northern Georgia, Canada from the Hudson Bay basin east, the Great Lakes–Saint Lawrence system, and the upper Mississippi River drainage as far west as eastern Iowa.
The brook trout is of dark green to brown basic colouration with a distinctive marbled pattern (called vermiculations) of lighter shades across the flanks and back and extending at least to the dorsal fin, and often to the tail. There is a distinctive sprinkling of red dots, surrounded by blue haloes, along the flank. The belly and lower fins are reddish in colour, the latter with white leading edges. Often the belly, particularly of the males, becomes very red or orange when the fish are spawning. The species reaches a maximum recorded length of 86 cm (33 in) and a maximum recorded weight of 9.4 kg (21 lb). It can reach at least seven years of age, with reports of 15-year-old specimens observed in California habitats to which the species has been introduced.
S. fontinalis prefers cool, clear waters of high purity and a narrow pH range in lakes, rivers, and streams, being sensitive to poor oxygenation, pollution, and changes in pH caused by environmental effects such as acid rain. Its diverse diet includes crustaceans, frogs and other amphibians, insects, molluscs, smaller fish, and even small aquatic mammals such as voles. It provides food for seabirds and suffers attack by lampreys. The brook trout is a short-lived species, rarely surviving beyond four or five years in the wild.

Individuals normally spend their entire life in fresh water, but some — colloquially called "salters" or "sea run" — may spend up to three months at sea in the spring, not straying more than a few kilometres from the river mouth. The fish return upstream to spawn in the late summer or autumn. The female constructs a depression in a location in the stream bed, sometimes referred to as a "redd", where groundwater percolates upward through the gravel. One or more males approaches the female, fertilising the eggs as the female expresses them. The eggs are slightly more dense than water. The female then buries the eggs in a small gravel mound. The eggs hatch in approximately 100 days.

A potamodromous population of brook trout native to Lake Superior, which run into inflowing rivers to spawn, are called "coasters". Coasters tend to be larger than most other populations of brook trout, often reaching 2 to 3 kg in size. Many coaster populations have been severely damaged by overfishing and by habitat alterations, especially by the construction of hydro-electric power dams, on their inflowing streams. In Ontario and Michigan, efforts are under way to restore and recover coaster populations.
The brook trout is very popular with anglers, particularly fly fishermen. Today, many anglers practice catch-and-release tactics to preserve remaining brook trout populations, and organizations such as Trout Unlimited have been in the forefront of efforts to institute air and water quality standards sufficient to protect the brook trout. Revenues derived from the sale of fishing licenses have been used to restore many sections of creeks and streams to brook trout habitat. Brook trout are also commercially raised in large numbers for food production, being sold for human consumption in both fresh and smoked forms. Because of its dependence on pure water and a variety of aquatic and insect life forms, the brook trout is also used for scientific experimentation in assessing the effects of pollution.

Partially as a result of its popularity as a game fish, the brook trout has been introduced in some areas to which it was not originally native, and has become established widely throughout the world. In some parts of the world, the brook trout has had a harmful effect on native species, and is a potential pest.

Brook trout can sometimes hybridise with other species. One such hybrid, between the brook trout and the brown trout (genus Salmo) is the tiger trout. Tiger trout occur very rarely naturally but are sometimes artificially propagated. Such crosses are almost always reproductively sterile.
Brook-trout populations depend on cold, clear, well-oxygenated water of high purity. As early as the late 19th century, native brook trout in North America became extirpated from many watercourses as land development, forest clear-cutting, and industrialization took hold. Streams and creeks that were polluted, dammed, or silted up often became too warm to hold native brook trout, and were colonized by transplanted smallmouth bass and perch or other introduced salmonids such as brown and rainbow trout. The brown trout, a species not native to North America, has replaced the brook trout in much of the brook trout's native water. Brook trout populations, if already stressed by overharvest or by temperature, are very susceptible to damage by the introduction of exogenous species. In many lakes to which brook trout were once native, they have been extirpated by the introduction of other species, particularly percids but sometimes other spiny-rayed fishes.

In addition to chemical pollution and algae growth caused by runoff containing chemicals and fertilizers, air pollution has also been a significant factor in the disappearance of brook trout from their native habitats. In the United States, acid rain caused by air pollution has resulted in pH levels too low to sustain brook trout in all but the highest headwaters of some Appalachian streams and creeks.[1]. Brook trout populations across large parts of eastern Canada have been similarly challenged; a subspecies known as the aurora trout was extirpated from the wild by the effects of acid rain.

Today, in many parts of the range, efforts are underway to restore brook trout to those waters that once held native populations, stocking other trout species only in habitats that can no longer be recovered sufficiently to sustain brook trout populations.

#5 Guest_arnoldi_*

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Posted 13 August 2007 - 07:55 AM

Or Italian, if you prefer.....

La trota di ruscello è nativa ai ruscelli piccoli, le insenature, i laghi, e gli stagni primaverili. Della trota di ruscello sono l'anadromous. Nonostante ha considerato comunemente una trota, la trota di ruscello è effettivamente un carbonizza, con la trota di lago, la trota di toro, Varden di Carrello e l'Artico carbonizzano. È nativo a un'area larga di America del Nord orientale ma in aumento limitato alle più alte elevazioni verso sud nelle Montagne Appalachiane a Georgia del nord, Canada dall'est di bacino di Baia di Hudson, i Grandi Laghi–il Santo sistema di Lawrence, e lo scolo di Fiume di Mississippi superiore ovest come lontano Iowa come orientale.
La trota di ruscello è di verde scuro di rosolare il colore fondamentale con un modello di marbled distintivo (il vermiculations chiamato) di ombre più leggere attraverso i fianchi e sostiene ed estendendo almeno alla pinna di dorsale, e spesso alla coda. C'è uno spruzzare distintivo di puntini rossi, circondati dagli aloni blu, lungo il fianco. Il ventre ed abbassa le pinne sono rossastre nel colore, l'ultimo con i margini di condurre bianchi. Spesso il ventre, particolarmente dei maschi, diventa molto rosso o l'arancia quando il pesce depongono le uova. La specie raggiunge un massimo una lunghezza registrata di 86 cm (33 in) ed un massimo ha registrato il peso di 9,4 kg (21 lb). Può raggiungere almeno sette anni maggiorenni, con le relazioni di 15-gli anno-vecchi esemplari hanno osservato nei habitat di California a cui la specie è stato introdotto.
S. il fontinalis preferisce il fresco, chiarisce le acque di alta purezza ed una gamma di eSPONENETE di acidita'stretta nei laghi, i fiumi, ed i ruscelli, è sensibile all'ossigenazione poveri, all'inquinamento, e ai cambiamenti nell'eSPONENETE di acidita'causato dagli effetti ambientali come la pioggia acida. La sua dieta diversa include dei crostacei, le rane e gli altri anfibi, gli insetti, i molluschi, il pesce più piccolo, ed i mammiferi come il voles anche piccoli acquatici. Fornisce il cibo per gli uccelli marini e soffriri attacca dalle lamprede. La trota di ruscello è una specie effimera, sopravvivendo raramente oltre quattro o cinque anni nel selvaggio.

Gli individui spendono normalmente la loro vita intera nell'acqua dolce, ma alcuni — ha chiamato familiarmente il "salters" o "il mare ha corso" — potrebbe spendere fino a tre mesi in primavera, non vagabondando in mare più di pochi chilometri dalla bocca di fiume. Il ritorno di pesce a monte per deporre le uova nella tardi estate o l'autunno. La femmina costruisce una depressione in una posizione nel letto di ruscello, ha fatto riferimento a a volte come un "redd", dove l'acqua freatica filtra ascendente attraverso la ghiaia. Un o più maschi avvicina la femmina, fertilizzando le uova come la femmina loro esprime. Le uova sono un po'più denso di acqua. La femmina seppellisce poi le uova in un mucchio di ghiaia piccolo. Le uova covano negli avvicina a 100 giorni.

Una popolazione di potamodromous di nativo di trota di ruscello al Lago Superiore, che ha incontrato i fiumi di inflowing di deporre le uova, sono chiamato dei "sottobicchieri". I sottobicchieri tendono a essere più grande di la maggior parte delle popolazioni di trota di ruscello, raggiungendo spesso 2 a 3 kg nella misura. Molte popolazioni di sottobicchiere sono stato severamente danneggiate dall'overfishing e dalle alterazioni di habitat, soprattutto dalla costruzione di dighe di potere idroelettriche, sui loro ruscelli di inflowing. In Ontario ed in Michigan, gli sforzi sono in corso restaurare e ricuperare le popolazioni di sottobicchiere.
La trota di ruscello è molto popolare con i cannisti, particolarmente i pescatori di mosca. Oggi, molti cannisti praticano la presa-e-le tattiche di liberazione di conservare le popolazioni di trota di ruscello rimanendo, e le organizzazioni come la Trota Illimitate sono state all'avanguardia di sforzi di istituire la qualità di aria ed acqua norme di sufficienti per proteggere la trota di ruscello. Gli erari hanno derivato dalla vendita di licenze di pesca è stato usato per restaurare molte sezioni di insenature ed i ruscelli al habitat di trota di ruscello. La trota di ruscello commercialmente sono anche alzate nei grandi numeri per la produzione di cibo, essendo venduto per il consumo umano in entrambe le per le forme fresche e fumate. A causa della sua dipendenza sull'acqua pura ed una varietà di forme di vita di pianta acquatica ed insetto, la trota di ruscello è anche usata per l'esperimento scientifico in valutare gli effetti di inquinamento.
Le popolazioni di ruscello-trota dipendono dal freddo, chiarisce, l'acqua di bene-oxygenated di alta purezza. Come presto come il secolo tardi diciannovesimo, la trota di ruscello nativa in America del Nord è diventata estirpato da molto watercourses molto come sviluppo di terra, il chiarisce-taglio di foresta, e l'industrializzazione hanno portato la presa. I ruscelli e le insenature che erano inquinati, era arginato, o era interrato spesso è diventato troppo caldo di tenere la trota di ruscello nativa, ed erano colonizzato dal basso di smallmouth trapiantati ed il pesce persico o l'altro salmonids introdotto come rosola e la trota di arcobaleno. Non la trota marrone, una specie nativo a America del Nord, ha sostituito la trota di ruscello in molto della trota di ruscello acqua nativa. Le popolazioni di trota di ruscello, se già accentuato dall'overharvest o dalla temperatura, sono molto suscettibile per danneggiare dall'introduzione di specie esogena. In molti laghi a cui trota di ruscello erano una volta nativo, sono stato estirpato dall'introduzione di altra specie, particolarmente il percids ma i a volte altri pesci di.

The internet is a wonderful thing.

#6 Guest_scottefontay_*

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Posted 13 August 2007 - 10:05 AM

...Today, in many parts of the range, efforts are underway to restore brook trout to those waters that once held native populations, stocking other trout species only in habitats that can no longer be recovered sufficiently to sustain brook trout populations.


During the summer of 1998 while attending a summer semester at Paul Smith's College in the Adirondacks our class had an opportunity to watch the NYSDEC apply large quantities of rotenone http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotenone to Mountain Pond, just down the street from the college. Mountain Pond is an oligatrophic lake (cold, clear waters) that supported a healthy community of yellow perch, largemouth and smallmouth bass, various sunfish species, HUGE golden shiners, and northern pike. The native population of windfall brook trout strain which developed as a result of unique environmental conditions found solely in Franklin County, had been all but obliterated by these introduced species. The ponds bottom was nearly completely cobbles, which made it ideal for the windfall brookies.

The rotenone killed everything that breathed oxygen in the water. The next spring they restocked with the windfall trout and the re-introduction was a success. I definatly had mixed feelings watching all those fish in their death throes though. I think the snapping turtles didn't mind so much...

#7 Guest_fishlvr_*

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Posted 13 August 2007 - 04:06 PM

:blush: :blush: :blush: :blush: :blush: :blush: :blush: :blush: :blush:

Salvelinus fontinalis) is a species of fish in the salmon family (family Salmonidae) of order Salmoniformes. In many parts of its range...


Thanks for all the info. I really appreciate it.

Attached File  bart.gif   26.69KB   0 downloads

Ok..that a little harsh but I've been itching to use that...
Really though there is so much information readily available about these fish that finding info on their spawning habits should not be very difficult.


Where'd you get that?




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