I wanted to try keeping a bullhead catfish again, but I'm not sure if it would go after my other fish in my 150. I would be getting a 1in black bullhead if I got one. My fish are 4in creek chubs, 2.5in redeye bass, 4in redear, and some barbs that are 2in that will grow to 6in. all of these fish are growing at 1in per month so far. I could put the bullhead in a growout aquarium if needed. 

How big do you think the bullhead will grow? If it doesn't work, is there any madtom catfish that won't hide all the time?

IMO, the black bullhead will get over a foot long and eat all of the fish you mentioned... well maybe the bass can out grow him...

A margined madtom can get up to 6-8 inches but would take longer to reach that size and would likely not be able to eat your other fish based on growth rate.

Leo1234 - I have done something similar with brown bullheads by raising them in a 80g or 150g from fry (or 1" at collection) until they are about 8" and then moving them to a 600g exterior man-made pond where they have bred on more than one occasion.  Currently I have a couple of bullhead (2-4") sharing a 150g with Bluegill and more.  I agree with Michael that the bullhead will get over a foot long and sooner or later you will need an alternate location for them.  I have found bullhead to be opportunistic feeders that will cull smaller fish when they can so I would be wary of your plan given the current tank mates.  That said, I find them to be an interesting and active fish that I have enjoyed working with (both inside and outside) for several years.